Efecto perjudicial de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 en la sintomatología digestiva en pacientes con síndrome de intestino irritable / Detrimental impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the symptomatology of patients with irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a more frequent disorder in the brain-gut axis interaction in the world. COVID-19 has affected the population's mental health, and its impact on clinical severity in patients with IBS is unknown. Objective: To evaluate the effect of psychosocial stress produced by the pandemic on the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms. Methodology: 54 women and three men with IBS were interviewed by telephone. Factors associated with quality of life, comorbidities, IBS subtype, and COVID-19 diagnosis were asked. Calls were developed between June 2020 to January 2021. Results: 75% had Diarrheal IBS (IBS-D), 67% had comorbidities, 47% with busy work, and 70% in person, five patients (9%) were diagnosed with COVID-19. Of the total, 88% referred to change in gastrointestinal symptoms, 56% increased abdominal pain, and 95% bloating. Abdominal pain was negatively associated with quality of life (p < 0.036), and the incomplete evacuation's sensation positively with difficulty sleeping (p < 0.034). Conclusion: In this study, IBS patients interviewed by telephone reported higher abdominal pain and subjective bloating associated with the pandemic by SARS-CoV-2. Keywords: Irritable

El Síndrome de Intestino Irritable (SII) es uno de los trastornos en la interacción cerebrointestino más frecuentes en el mundo. La pandemia COVID-19 ha afectado la salud mental de la población, siendo desconocido su impacto en la severidad clínica en pacientes con SII. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del estrés psicosocial producido por la pandemia en la severidad de síntomas gastrointestinales de pacientes con SII. Metodología: 54 mujeres y 3 hombres con SII fueron entrevistados vía telefónica. Se preguntó por factores asociados a calidad de vida, comorbilidades, subtipo de SII y diagnóstico de COVID-19. Las llamadas se realizaron entre junio de 2020 hasta enero de 2021. Resultados: Un 75% presentó SII Diarreico (SII-D), el 67% comorbilidades, el 47% con trabajo activo y 70% presencial, 5 pacientes (9%) diagnosticados COVID-19. Del total, 88% refirió cambio en síntomas gastrointestinales, 56% aumentó el dolor abdominal y 95% la distensión abdominal. El dolor abdominal se asoció negativamente con la calidad de vida (p < 0,036), y la sensación de evacuación incompleta positivamente con la dificultad para dormir (p < 0,034). Conclusión: En este estudio, los pacientes con SII entrevistados vía telefónica reportaron mayor dolor y distensión abdominal subjetiva asociado a la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2.

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients diagnosed with covid-19 in a tertiary care center in Mexico City: a prospective cohort study

ABSTRACT Background: Regional information regarding the characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 is needed for a better understanding of the pandemic. Objective: The objective of the study to describe the clinical features of COVID-19 patients diagnosed in a tertiary-care center in Mexico City and to assess differences according to the treatment setting (ambulatory vs. hospital) and to the need of intensive care (IC). Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort, including consecutive patients with COVID-19 from February 26, 2020 to April 11, 2020. Results: We identified 309 patients (140 inpatients and 169 outpatients). The median age was 43 years (interquartile range, 33-54), 59.2% men, and 18.6% healthcare workers (12.3% from our center). The median body mass index (BMI) was 29.00 kg/m2 and 39.6% had obesity. Compared to outpatients, inpatients were older, had comorbidities, cough, and dyspnea more frequently. Twenty-nine (20.7%) inpatients required treatment in the IC unit (ICU). History of diabetes (type 1 or 2) and abdominal pain were more common in ICU patients compared to non-ICU patients. ICU patients had higher BMIs, higher respiratory rates, and lower room-air capillary oxygen saturations. ICU patients showed a more severe inflammatory response as assessed by white blood cell count, neutrophil and platelet count, C-reactive protein, ferritin, procalcitonin, and albumin levels. By the end of the study period, 65 inpatients had been discharged because of improvement, 70 continued hospitalized, and five had died. Conclusions: Patients with comorbidities, either middle-age obese or elderly complaining of fever, cough, or dyspnea, were more likely to be admitted. At admission, patients with diabetes, high BMI, and clinical or laboratory findings consistent with a severe inflammatory state were more likely to require IC.

Gut microbiota and the use of probiotics in constipation in children and adolescents: systematic review / Microbiota intestinal e emprego dos probióticos na constipação intestinal em crianças e adolescentes: revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT Objective: To perform a systematic review of literature data on gut microbiota and the efficacy of probiotics for the treatment of constipation in children and adolescents. Data source: The research was performed in the PubMed, the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) databases in English, Portuguese and Spanish. All original articles that mentioned the evaluation of the gut microbiota or the use of probiotics in children with constipation in their title and abstract were selected. Data synthesis: 559 articles were found, 47 of which were selected for reading. From these, 12 articles were included; they studied children and adolescents divided into two categories: a gut microbiota evaluation (n=4) and an evaluation of the use of probiotics in constipation therapy (n=8). The four papers that analyzed fecal microbiota used different laboratory methodologies. No typical pattern of gut microbiota was found. Regarding treatment, eight clinical trials with heterogeneous methodologies were found. Fifteen strains of probiotics were evaluated and only one was analyzed in more than one article. Irregular beneficial effects of probiotics have been demonstrated in some manifestations of constipation (bowel frequency or consistency of stool or abdominal pain or pain during a bowel movement or flatulence). In one clinical trial, a complete control of constipation without the use of laxatives was obtained. Conclusions: There is no specific pattern of fecal microbiota abnormalities in constipation. Despite the probiotics' positive effects on certain characteristics of the intestinal habitat, there is still no evidence to recommend it in the treatment of constipation in pediatrics.

RESUMO Objetivo: Realizar revisão sistemática dos dados da literatura sobre a microbiota intestinal e a eficácia dos probióticos para o tratamento da constipação intestinal em crianças e adolescentes. Fonte de dados: Foi realizada busca nas bases de dados PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), em inglês, português e espanhol. Foram selecionados, pelo título e pelo resumo, todos os artigos originais que avaliaram a microbiota intestinal ou o emprego de probióticos em crianças com constipação intestinal. Síntese dos dados: Foram encontrados 559 artigos, dos quais 47 foram selecionados para leitura. Destes, foram incluídos 12 artigos que estudaram crianças e adolescentes distribuídos em duas categorias: avaliação da microbiota intestinal (n=4) e avaliação do emprego dos probióticos na terapêutica da constipação intestinal (n=8). Os quatro artigos que analisaram a microbiota fecal utilizaram metodologias laboratoriais diferentes. Não foi observado um padrão típico de microbiota intestinal. Quanto ao tratamento, foram encontrados oito ensaios clínicos com metodologias heterogêneas. Foram avaliadas 15 cepas de probióticos e apenas uma foi avaliada em mais de um artigo. Foram evidenciados efeitos benéficos não uniformes dos probióticos em algumas manifestações da constipação intestinal (frequência evacuatória, consistência das fezes, dor abdominal, dor ao evacuar ou flatulência). Em apenas um ensaio clínico foi obtido completo controle da constipação intestinal sem o emprego concomitante de laxantes. Conclusões: Não existe um padrão específico de anormalidades da microbiota fecal na constipação intestinal. Apesar dos efeitos positivos dos probióticos em determinadas características do hábito intestinal, ainda não existem evidências que permitam sua recomendação no tratamento da constipação intestinal em pediatria.

Eosinofilia duodenal en pacientes Colombianos con dispepsia funcional: un estudio de casos y controles / Duodenal eosinophilia in functional dyspepsia in a Colombian sample: a case-control study

Introducción: La dispepsia funcional (DPF) es una entidad compleja cuya fisiopatología no está claramente definida. Existen alteraciones motoras gastroduodenales y recientemente se ha dado importancia a la eosinofilia duodenal. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fuedeterminar si existe asociación entre eosinofilia duodenal y DPF. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de casos y controles. Pacientes mayores de 18 años con dispepsia según ROMA IV, a quienes se descartó DP orgánica con endoscopia alta (EVDA). Los controles fueron pacientes con anemia ferropénica y diarrea crónica a quienes de rutina se toman biopsias tanto del estómago como del duodeno. Se calcularon 70 pacientes en cada grupo. La información se recolectó en un formulario específico. Resultados: Hubo 243 pacientes elegibles. Se incluyeron 84 pacientes en grupo. El 80% eran mujeres. Edad promedio 53,6 años. Se encontró eosinofilia duodenal con diferencia significativa en los pacientes con saciedad precoz (p=0,01). No hubo diferencia significativa en los pacientes con llenura posprandial (p=0,63), dolor o ardor epigástrico (p=0,26), síntomas de reflujo gastroesofágico (p=0,13), alergia e intolerancia a alimentos (p=0,42) y tabaquismo (p=0,28). Asimismo, no se encontró relación entre mastocitosis duodenal y saciedad precoz (p=0,98), llenura posprandial (p=0,78) y dolor o ardor epigástrico (p=0,82). Conclusiones: La eosinofilia duodenal fue más frecuente en pacientes con DPF que tenían saciedad precoz.

Introduction: Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a complex symptom. Currently there are multiple therapeutic options that are used for the management of these patients; however, FD therapies are based on symptomatic control and do not address the pathophysiological pathways involved in its development. The duodenum has been proposed as a key site to understand the complex pathophysiology involved in FD. Objective: The aim of the study is to determine duodenal eosinophilia in patients with FD and establish the clinical-pathological correlation with the cardinal symptoms of dyspepsia. Material and methods: Case-control study. Patients older than 18 years with dyspepsia according to the Rome IV criteria, and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy normal (FD group).Patients with iron deficiency anemia and chronic diarrhea (control group). Biopsies were taken in the stomach, duodenal bulb and second portion of duodenum. A sample size of 140 patients (70 patients in the FD group and 70 patients in the control group) was calculated. The collected information was described and analyzed by conventional statistical techniques. Results: 243 patients were recruited. 84 patients were included in the FD group and 84 patients in the control group. 135 patients were women (80.3%). The mean age was 53.6 years (SD 14.9). Duodenal eosinophilia was found with significant difference in patients with early satiety (p=0.01). There was no difference in patients with postprandial fullness (p=0.63), epigastric pain or burning (p=0.26), gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (p=0.13), allergy and food intolerance (p=0.42) and smoking (p=0.28). There was no relationship between duodenal mastocytosis and early satiety (p=0.98), postprandial fullness (p=0.78), and epigastric pain or burning (p=0.82). Conclusions: Duodenal eosinophilia was similar in FD and controls. In subgroup analysis, duodenal eosinophilia occurs in patients with early satiety.

Evaluación gastrointestinal en los pacientes con fiebre mediterránea familiar con dolor abdominal crónico y tratados con colchicina: serie de casos / Gastrointestinal evaluation in colchicine-treated familial Mediterranean fever patients with chronic abdominal pain: Cases series

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar a los pacientes con fiebre mediterránea familiar (familial Mediterranean fever, FMF) y dolor abdominal crónico resistentes al tratamiento con colchicina. Se incluyó a 48 pacientes diagnosticados en nuestro consultorio de reumatología pediátrica que tenían dolor abdominal a pesar del tratamiento con colchicina. A todos los pacientes se los derivó a un gastroenterólogo pediátrico. Se registraron las características del dolor, tales como aparición, duración y frecuencia; se planificó una endoscopía digestiva para obtener un diagnóstico diferencial. Se determinó la presencia de una mutación del gen MEFV en 46 pacientes. La mediana de la duración del tratamiento fue de 2,8 años. Aproximadamente el 60% de los pacientes tenían dolor abdominal todos los días o de dos a tres veces a la semana; en el 73% de los casos, duró menos de tres horas. A 41 pacientes se les realizó una endoscopía digestiva alta. La gastroduodenitis es un hallazgo frecuente en los pacientes con FMF y dolor abdominal persistente a pesar del tratamiento. Los pacientes con los puntajes más altos de severidad de la enfermedad tenían inflamación digestiva grave.

The aim of the study to evaluate familial mediterranean fever (FMF) patients with chronic abdominal pain unresponsive to colchicine treatment. Forty-eight patients who diagnosed in our Pediatric Rheumatology clinics and suffering from abdominal pain despite colchicine treatment were include. All patients were referred to a pediatric gastroenterologist. The pain characteristics such as onset, duration and frequency were recorded; gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy was planned for differential diagnosis. MEFV mutation was determined in 46 patients. The median duration of treatment was 2.8 years. Approximately 60% of the patients suffered from abdominal pain every day or 2-3 times a week, in 73% of the cases it lasted less than three hours. Forty-one patients underwent upper GI endoscopy. Gastroduodenitis is a common finding in persisting abdominal pain despite therapy of FMF patients. The patients with the highest disease severity scores had severe inflammation within the entire GI system.

Complicações em colonoscopia: experiência uni-institucional com 8968 pacientes / Colonoscopy complications: experience with 8968 consecutive patients in a single institution

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a incidência, características epidemiológicas, diagnóstico e evolução dos pacientes que retornaram às unidades de pronto atendimento (UPA) do Hospital Albert Einstein em São Paulo/SP com sinais e sintomas sugestivos de complicações até 30 dias após realização de colonoscopia. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo uni-institucional de pacientes submetidos à colonoscopia em 2014 e que retornaram, em até 30 dias após o procedimento, a uma UPA. Resultados: foram realizadas colonoscopias em 8968 pacientes, dos quais 95 (1,06%) tiveram queixa relacionada à possível complicação. A maioria dos procedimentos foi realizada eletivamente. Complicações menores (dor abdominal inespecífica/distensão) foram frequentes (0,49%) e a maioria dos pacientes recebeu alta após consulta na UPA. Complicações graves foram menos frequentes: perfuração (0,033%), hemorragia digestiva baixa (0,044%) e obstrução intestinal (0,044%). A procura à UPA em menos de 24 horas após o procedimento associou-se a maior índice de colonoscopias normais (P=0,006), mais diagnóstico de febre (P=0,0003) e síndrome dispéptica (P=0,043) e menos diagnóstico de colite/ileíte (P=0,015). A presença de febre em pacientes atendidos na UPA associou-se ao diagnóstico de pólipos na colonoscopia (P=0,030). Conclusão: os dados do presente estudo corroboram as evidências de segurança do exame de colonoscopia e apontam para redução nos índices de complicações mais graves deste exame.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the incidence, epidemiological characteristics, diagnosis and evolution of patients who returned to the emergency care units of the Albert Einstein Hospital in São Paulo/SP with signs and symptoms suggestive of colonoscopy complications up to 30 days after the procedure. Methods: we conducted a retrospective, uni-institutional study of patients submitted to colonoscopy in 2014 who returned to the Emergency department (ED) within 30 days after the procedure. Results: 8968 patients underwent colonoscopies, 95 (1.06%) of whom had complaints related to possible complications. Most of the procedures were elective ones. Minor complications (nonspecific abdominal pain/distension) were frequent (0.49%) and most of the patients were discharged after consultation at the ED. Severe complications were less frequent: perforation (0.033%), lower gastrointestinal bleeding (0.044%), and intestinal obstruction (0.044%). ED consultations in less than 24 hours after the procedure was associated with a higher index of normal colonoscopies (p=0.006), more diagnosis of fever (p=0.0003) and dyspeptic syndrome (p=0.043), and less diagnosis of colitis/ileitis (p=0.015). The observation of fever in patients treated at the ED was associated with the diagnosis of polyps at colonoscopy (p=0.030). Conclusion: the data corroborate the safety of the colonoscopy exam and points to a reduction in major complications rates.

Características demográficas, clínicas y reacciones adversas de personas con sobrepeso y obesidad: consumidores de orlistat atendidos por centro de atención telefónica (2009 ­ 2017) / Demographic and clinical characteristics, and adverse reactions of people with overweight and obesity consumers of orlistat, attended by a call center (2009 ­ 2017)

Resumen Introducción Las enfermedades crónicas van en ascenso y están asociadas al incremento ponderal. Se requieren estrategias multidisciplinarias para su control. Métodos El diseño es descriptivo, observacional y retrospectivo. Los objetivos de esta comunicación son describir las características demográficas, clínicas y reacciones adversas de personas con sobrepeso y obesidad consumidores de orlistat, atendidos por un centro de atención telefónica durante el periodo 2009 a 2017; e identificar al profesional de la salud más consultado por ellos. La información se obtuvo desde una base de datos existente de un programa de atención a personas con sobrepeso u obesidad, interesadas en usar orlistat (prospectos) o usuarios (pacientes). El estudio se llevó a cabo en México y duró siete años. Las variables estudiadas fueron demográficas, clínicas y reacciones adversas. Resultados Se reunieron 311 913 solicitudes de 126 607 sujetos (104 711 prospectos interesados en consumir orlistat y 21 896 pacientes que ya lo tomaban). Las principales actividades fueron llamadas al sujeto (35,9%). Hubo 104 711 solicitudes: 82 810 (79,1%) prospectos y 21 896 (20,9%) pacientes. El 79,9% fue de sexo femenino. El intervalo de edad predominante fue de 32 a 45 años. Se detectaron 43 reacciones adversas (0,02%); las más comunes fueron dolor abdominal (0,05%) y cefalea (0,03%). Conclusiones La población más interesada en el control ponderal en este estudio es la femenina (79,9%) y el grupo etario de 32 a 45 años. El profesional más consultado fue el nutriólogo. Solo se obtuvo el índice de masa corporal (29,2 kilogramos por metro cuadrado) de los sujetos que desarrollaron 43 reacciones adversas, las más comunes fueron dolor abdominal y cefalea.

Introduction Chronic diseases are on the rise and are associated with weight gain. Multidisciplinary strategies are required for its control. Methods The design was descriptive, observational and retrospective. The objectives of this communication were to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics and adverse reactions of overweight and obese people who were consumers of orlistat, attended by a call center during the period 2009 to 2017; and to identify the healthcare professional most consulted by them. The information was obtained from an existing database of a program of attention to people with overweight or obesity, interested in using orlistat (prospects) or users (patients). The study was carried out in Mexico and lasted seven years. The variables studied were demographic, clinical and adverse reactions. Results A total of 311,913 requests were collected from 126 607 subjects (104 711 prospects interested in consuming orlistat and 21 896 patients who already took it). The main activities were phone calls to the subject (35.9%). There were 104 711 requests: 82 810 (79.1%) prospects and 21 896 (20.9%) patients. 79.9% of all were female. The predominant age interval was 32 to 45 years. 43 adverse reactions (0.02%) were detected; the most common were abdominal pain (0.05%) and headache (0.03%). Conclusions The population most interested in weight control in this study was the female population (79.9%) and the age group from 32 to 45 years. The most consulted healthcare professional was the nutritionist. Only the body mass index (29.2 kilograms per square meter) of the subjects who developed 43 adverse reactions was obtained. There were 43 adverse reactions, the most common being abdominal pain and headache.

A nationwide study on the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in school-children / Prevalencia de desórdenes gastrointestinales funcionales en niños. Un estudio a nivel nacional

Abstract: Introduction: Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are highly prevalent worldwide and are thought to result from the interplay of multiple factors that can vary from region to region. Nationwide studies can help understand the regional epidemiology and the pathogenesis of FGIDs. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of FGIDs in school-children of Colombia and assess associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at twelve private and public schools in ten cities distributed through the four main geographic regions of Colombia. School-children completed a validated questionnaire to assess functional gastrointestinal disorders according to Rome III criteria. Demographic information and past medical and family history was obtained from the parents. Results: A total of 4394/5062 (86.8%) children participated in the study, with ages ranging from 8-18 years (mean = 11.9, SD = 2.3). The percentage of children with al least on FGID was 23.7%. Disorders of defecation were the most common category FGID (11.7%) followed by abdominal pain related-functional gastrointestinal disorders (10.4%). Children have increased odds of FGIDs if they have separated parents (OR 1.22, P=0.007), attend private school (OR 1.54, P<0.001), or have nausea (OR 3.16, P<0.001). Conclusions: This large epidemiological study of pediatric FGIDs is the first to evaluate a broad cross-section of children throughout a nation in the Americas. High prevalence of FGIDs and identified associations with their likelihood are relevant when providing medical care and when planning public health efforts.

Resumen: Introducción: Los desórdenes gastrointestinales funcionales (DGF) son altamente prevalentes a nivel mundial. Se postula que estos desórdenes resultan del interjuego de múltiples factores que pueden variar regionalmente. Estudios a nivel nacional pueden ayudar a comprender la epidemiología regional y la patogénesis de los DGFs. Los objetivos del estudio fueron determinar la prevalencia de DGFs en escolares en Colombia y establecer los factores asociados. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal realizado en 12 escuelas privadas y públicas en 10 ciudades de las cuatro regiones principales de Colombia. Niños de edad escolar completaron un cuestionario validado para diagnosticar DGFs de acuerdo con los criterios de Roma III. Información demográfica e historia personal y familiar fue obtenida de los padres. Resultados: Un total de 4394/5062 (86.8%) niños participaron en el estudio, rango de edad 8-18 años (promedio = 11.9, desviación estándar (DE) = 2.3). El 23.7% de los niños tuvieron al menos un DGF. Los desórdenes de la defecación fueron los más frecuentes (11.7%), seguidos por desórdenes funcionales de dolor (10.4%). Niños cuyos padres estaban separados (razón de momios (RM) 1.22, p= 0.007), cursaban en escuela privada (RM 1.54, p< 0.001) o reportaban náuseas (RM 3.16, p< 0.001) tuvieron mayor riesgo de DGFs. Conclusiones: Este estudio de DGF es el primero en evaluar un grupo numeroso de niños en diferentes regiones de un país americano. La alta prevalencia de DGFs y la identificación de asociaciones que aumentan el riesgo de desarrollar estos desórdenes son hallazgos relevantes para proveer cuidados médicos y planear estrategias de salud pública.

Caracterización clínico epidemiológica del parasitismo intestinal en pacientes jóvenes / Clinical epidemiological characterization of intestinal parasitism in young patients

Introducción: entre las enfermedades infecciosas, las producidas por parásitos intestinales constituyen un importante problema de salud para el hombre. Objetivo: caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente el parasitismo intestinal en pacientes jóvenes. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en la consulta externa del Hospital Militar Docente Dr Mario Muñoz Monroy; el universo de estudio estuvo representado por todos los pacientes jóvenesa tendidos durante el período de noviembre de 2013 a octubre de 2014 con el diagnóstico clínico y microbiológico de parasitosis intestinal. Resultados: existió un predominio del sexo masculino con un 91 por ciento, siendo el grupo etario más afectado el de 17 a 22 años para un 60,7 por ciento. El 19,6 por ciento de los enfermos procedían del municipio Calimete. El dolor abdominal, seguido de las diarreas fueron los síntomas más referidos por los pacientes para un 96,4 por ciento y 94,6 por ciento, respectivamente. La Giardia lamblia fue el parásito más identificado en las muestras con un 51,7 por ciento, seguido del Enterobius vermicularis en un 28,6 por ciento. La mayoría de los enfermos no acostumbra a lavar los alimentos antes de su ingestión en un 83,9 por ciento de los casos estudiados, ni practican el lavado de manos previo representando el 69,6 por ciento. Conclusiones: el mayor porcentaje de pacientes enfermos procede del área rural. Los malos hábitos higiénicos-dietéticos constituyen los principales factores de riesgo(AU)

Introduction: Among the infectious diseases, those produced by intestinal parasites are a major health problem. Objective: To characterize the clinical and epidemiological aspects of intestinal parasitism in young patients. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in the external consultation of the Military Teaching Hospital Dr Mario Muñoz Monroy; the universe was represented by all the young patients treated from November 2013 to October 2014 with the clinical and microbiological diagnosis of intestinal parasitosis. Results: There was a predominance of males with 91 percent, the most affected age group being 17 to 22 years old for 60.7 percent. 19.6 percent of the patients came from Calimete municipality. Abdominal pain and diarrhea were the most commonly reported symptoms for 96.4 percent and 94.6 percent, respectively. Giardia lamblia was the most identified parasite in the samples with 51.7 percent, followed by Enterobius vermicularis in 28.6 percent. The majority of patients do not usually wash their food prior to their ingestion in 83.9 percent of the cases, nor do they practice previous hand washing, representing 69.6 percent. Conclusions: The highest percentage of sick patients comes from the rural area. Bad hygienic-dietary habits are the main risk factors(AU)

Cobertura de la estrategia preventiva de cáncer gástrico en Chile: resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2009-2010 / Coverage of diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for the prevention of gastric cancer in Chile: results from the 2009-2010 National Health Survey

Background: In Chile, gastric cancer (GC) is a major cause of cancer related deaths. The current screening strategy consists of an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) for people aged 40 years or more with epigastric pain. Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic coverage of the use of UGE for early detection of GC in Chile. Material and Methods: As part of the digestive module of the 2009-10 National Health Survey, 5293 adults over 15 years were asked about the presence of epigastric pain, possible upper gastrointestinal bleeding (PUGB), use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or histamine H2-receptor antagonists (H2RAs), family history of GC and having performed an UGE. Results: Persistent epigastric pain was observed in 3.4% of the population. PUGB signs were observed in 3.3% of the population. The prevalence of PPIs and H2RAs use was 4.3% and 2.2% respectively, reaching 21.6% in people aged 70 years and older. Life span prevalence of UGE was 18.3%, with differences by region, health insurance and educational level. UGE coverage in people aged 40 years or older with and without persistent epigastric pain was 14.4% and 3.2% respectively (Odds ratio 4.8, p < 0.01). The prevalence of UGE was similar among people with or without PUGB or family history of CG. Conclusions: The estimated coverage of the current GC prevention strategy in Chile is 14.4%, evaluated at a population level. Further studies are required to determine the impact of this strategy on early GC diagnosis and mortality.

Les etiologies medicales des douleurs abdominales de l'enfant a Bouake (Cote d'ivoire)

Contexte : Les douleurs abdominales aigues (DAA) posent en urgence un probleme diagnostique et prise en charge therapeutique. Les causes medicales n'ont pas encore ete precisees chez l'enfant a Bouake. Objectif : Identifier les principales etiologies de la DAA de l'enfant Patients et methodes : Il s'agit d'une etude retrospective et descriptive realisee au CHU de Bouake du 1 er janvier au 31 decembre 2012. Elle a inclus 90 enfants ages de 2 a 14 ans hospitalises pour DAA. Les parametres d'etudes etaient epidemiologiques et diagnostiques. Resultats : Les 90 cas de DAA ont ete retenus parmi 3677 admissions soit 2;5 . Le sexe ratio etait de 0;95 et l'age median de 72 mois (24-168 mois). La tranche d'age 60-119 mois representait 46;5. Le delai avant la consultation etait superieur a 48 heures dans 63;1. Les principaux signes fonctionnels associes etaient la fievre 86;7; les vomissements 62;2; l'anorexie 50; l'asthenie 37;7; le trouble de la conscience 20 et les convulsions 15;5. Les principaux signes physiques etaient la fievre 67;7; l'anemie 63;4 ; la splenomegalie 23;6; le coma 19 et le tirage intercostal 11;8 . Le paludisme (62;1); la drepanocytose (6;6); la pneumonie (5;7); la fievre typhoide (5;5) et la gastroenterite (4;4) etaient les principales causes. Conclusion : Les principales causes medicales des DAA de l'enfant sont le paludisme; la drepanocytose et la pneumonie. L'amelioration du pronostic des DAA necessite le controle de ses principales causes

Presencia de síntomas digestivos en el Día Mundial de la Salud Digestiva / Presence of digestive symptoms in the World Digestive Health Day

Introduction: Gastrointestinal symptoms such as heartburn, indigestion/dyspepsia, constipation and bloating are very common in every community. Our group applied a questionnaire in order to identify the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms. Methodology: In 2012, during the World Digestive Health Day a survey of 13 questions given by the World Gastroenterology Organization (WGO) was administered to a group of people (E) at the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile (HCUCH); the questions were based on the presence and frequency of digestive symptoms. The results were compared with two other groups, one rural (R) and another comprised of people that were accompanying the patients attending HCUCH (group A) for examinations. A χ2 test was used to compare variables by group. Results: Total E = 270, A = 100, R = 69. Women: E = 212 (79 percent), A = 66 (66 percent), R = 43 (62.4 percent). Age E = 48, A = 44, R = 53 (p = 0.0003). Digestive discomfort: E = 94.8 percent (256), A = 81 percent (81), R = 85.5 percent (59) p = 0.000. Distension/bloating E = 94.44 percent (255), A = 84 percent (84), R = 81.2 percent (56) p = NS. Abdominal pain/discomfort E = 89.6 percent (242), A = 75 percent (75), R = 82.6 percent (57) p = 0.000. Constipation: E = 80 percent (216), A = 71 percent (71), R = 63.7 percent (44) p = 0.01, with significant differences in sensation of incomplete evacuation in the 3 groups p = 0.001. Heartburn E = 75.2 percent (203), A = 67 percent(67), R = 68.1 percent (47) p = NS. Reflux E = 74 percent (200), A = 69 percent (69), R = 68.1 percent (47) p = NS. Interference with sleep: E = 62.2 percent (168), A = 45 percent (45), R = 56.5 percent (39) p = 0.012. Problems with soft/mushy/liquid stools = 65.92 percent (178), A = 61 percent (61), R = 68.11 percent (47) p = NS. Conclusions: Over 80 percent of respondents provided an upset stomach. The control group had the highest prevalence of digestive symptoms...

Introducción: Síntomas digestivos como pirosis, indigestión/dispepsia, constipación y distensión son muy frecuentes en cada comunidad. Nuestro grupo aplicó un cuestionario con el objetivo de identificar la presencia de sintomatología digestiva. Metodología: En el año 2012, durante el día mundial de la salud digestiva (DMSD) se realizó en el Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile (HCUCH), una encuesta propuesta por la Organización Mundial de Gastroenterología (OMGE) que incluía 13 preguntas basadas en la presencia y frecuencia de síntomas digestivos. La encuesta se hizo a un grupo de personas (E). Los resultados fueron comparados con otros dos grupos, uno rural (R) y otro conformado por acompañantes (A) de pacientes que acudieron a exámenes al HCUCH. Se realizó una prueba χ² para comparar variables por grupo. Resultados: Total E = 270; A = 100; R = 69. Mujeres: E = 212 (79 por ciento), A = 66 (66 por ciento), R = 43 (62,4 por ciento). Edad E = 48, A = 44, R = 53 (p = 0,0003). Molestias digestivas: E = 94,8 por ciento (256), A = 81 por ciento (81); R = 85,5 por ciento (59) p = 0,000. Distensión/hinchazón E = 94,44 por ciento (255), A = 84 por ciento (84), R = 81,2 por ciento (56) p = NS. Dolor/molestia abdominal E = 89,6 por ciento (242), A = 75 por ciento (75), R = 82,6 por ciento (57) p = 0,000. Constipación: E = 80 por ciento (216), A = 71 por ciento (71), R = 63,7 por ciento (44) p = 0,01, existiendo diferencias significativas en sensación de evacuación incompleta en los 3 grupos p = 0,001. Pirosis E = 75,2 por ciento (203), A = 67 por ciento (67), R = 68,1 por ciento (47) p = NS. Reflujo E = 74 por ciento (200), A = 69 por ciento (69), R = 68,1 por ciento (47) p = NS. Interferencia con el sueño: E = 62,2 por ciento (168), A = 45 por ciento(45), R = 56,5 por ciento (39) p = 0,012. Problemas de heces blandas/ pastosas/líquidas E = 65,92 por ciento (178), A = 61 por ciento (61), R = 68,11 por ciento (47) p = NS...

Características da arterite de Takayasu no início da doença e de acordo com o gênero / Features of the onset of Takayasu's arteritis acccording to gender

FUNDAMENTO: Embora haja diversos estudos epidemiológicos publicados referentes à artrite de Takayasu (AT), nenhum analisou a influência do gênero nas manifestações clínicas e laboratoriais ou as alterações vasculares no início da doença. OBJETIVO: Analisar a influência do gênero nas manifestações clínicas e laboratoriais e nas variações de imagiologia vascular no início da AT. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo, unicêntrico que avaliou 55 pacientes consecutivos com AT entre 1982 e 2012. Todos os dados clínicos e resultados de testes laboratoriais relacionados ao início da doença foram analisados. Incluímos apenas pacientes de 12 a 35 anos no diagnóstico para excluir fatores relacionados à idade. RESULTADOS: Analisamos 17 homens e 38 mulheres, sendo a maioria caucasiana, com uma média de idade comparável entre os gêneros. Não houve diferença de gênero referente às características clínicas ou laboratoriais, comorbidades ou tabagismo, exceto pela dor abdominal, que apresentou ser mais comum em homens. Com relação às lesões vasculares, a presença de aneurismas da aorta ascendente foi significativamente mais frequente em homens. O gênero masculino representou um fator de risco independente para a ocorrência de dor abdominal e aneurismas da aorta ascendente em pacientes com AT. CONCLUSÃO: A dor abdominal e aneurismas da aorta ascendente ocorreram com mais frequência em homens com AT, sugerindo um perfil de doença mais severa em homens.

BACKGROUND: Although there are various published epidemiological studies regarding Takayasu's arteritis (TA), none have analyzed the influence of gender on the clinical and laboratory manifestations or vascular alterations at disease onset. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the influence of gender on clinical and laboratory manifestations and variations in vascular imaging at TA onset. METHODS: A retrospective, unicentric cohort study that evaluated 55 consecutive TA patients between 1982 and 2012. All available clinical data and laboratory test results related to the onset of the disease were analyzed. We included only patients aged 12-35 years at diagnosis to exclude age-related factors. RESULTS: We analyzed 17 men and 38 women, mostly Caucasian, with a comparable mean age between genders. There was no gender difference regarding the clinical or laboratory characteristics, comorbidities, or smoking habit, except for abdominal pain, which was more common in men. Regarding vascular lesions, the presence of ascending aortic aneurysms was significantly more frequent in males. Male gender represented an independent risk factor for the occurrence of abdominal pain and ascending aortic aneurysms in TA patients. CONCLUSION: Abdominal pain and ascending aortic aneurysms occurred more frequently in men with TA, suggesting a more severe disease profile in males.

Recurrent abdominal pain in children.

Context: Recurrent abdominal pain is one of the commonest gastrointestinal complaints in children, affecting approximately 10% of school aged children and adolescents. There is no consensus with regards to etiology, investigation and management of this common problem. This review addresses some of the issues related to epidemiology, etiology, management and prognosis of recurrent abdominal pain. Evidence acquisition: We reviewed current literature on this broad subject, specially concentrating on epidemiology, etiology and, basic and advanced management strategies, from 1958 to date, using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane database and cross references. Results: The majority of the affected children have functional gastrointestinal diseases. The exact cause of pain remains obscure. New evidence suggests that emotional stress, visceral hypersensitivity and gastrointestinal motility disorders may play a vital part in its origin. Pharmacological treatments are commonly used in an effort to manage symptoms, despite the lack of data supporting their efficacy. Conclusions: Most children with recurrent abdominal pain have functional gastrointestinal diseases and a detailed history, examination and basic stool, urine and hematological investigations are sufficient to exclude organic pathology in them. Despite the magnitude of the problem, knowledge on the effective management options is poor.

Associação entre eventos estressantes de vida e dor abdominal recorrente não orgânica: revisão / The association between stressful life events and non organic recurrent abdominal pain: review

A Dor Abdominal Recorrente Não Orgânica (DARNO) é um problema comum nos consultórios de pediatria e gastroenterologia infantil. O objetivo deste estudo é revisar os trabalhos da literatura científica sobre a associação entre DARNO e eventos estressantes de vida considerando os fatores moduladores da percepção dolorosa (competência social, somatizações parentais, enfrentamento). Foram avaliados 22 publicações sendo 9 descritivas, 10 estudos caso-controle, um estudo coorte, um ensaio clínico e um de revisão. A faixa etária estudada estava entre 1 e 19 anos. Os eventos estressantes mais comumente associados à DARNO estavam relacionados com o ambiente familiar. Os resultados a respeito da influência dos fatores sócio-econômicos foram contraditórios. A idade mostrou ter uma associação positiva com a freqüência dos eventos de vida. A capacidade de adaptação da criança e adolescente frente ao estresse é um fator moderador na percepção dolorosa. A presença de eventos estressantes de vida em indivíduos com adequada competência social não esteve associado com aumento dos sintomas de dor. As somatizações parentais estão diretamente relacionadas com aumento destas queixas nos filhos. Baseados nestes resultados, concluímos que a identificação precoce de eventos estressantes de vida e de fatores moduladores da percepção dolorosa em crianças com DARNO associado ao estabelecimento de programas de prevenção e tratamentos são condutas necessárias e essenciais na abordagem clínica destes pacientes.

The Non Organic Recurrent Abdominal Pain (NORAP) is a common problem in pediatric and infant gastroenterology centers. The aim of this study was to review the published literature about the associaton between NORAP and the stressful life events considering moderator factors of pain perception (social competence, parental somatic symptoms, copying). Twenty two articles were evaluated, 9 of the descriptive, 10 case-control studies, one cohort, one review and one randomized clinical trial. The children and adolescents aged from 1 to 19 years. The stressful life events mostly associated to NORAP were related to the family environment. The socio-economic factors showed contradictories results. The age showed a positive influence to the frequency of life events. The capacity of adaptation of a child and adolescent facing stress is a moderator factor in the pain perception. Higher levels of family stressors and parental somatic symptoms predict higher levels of somatic complaints by children. Among children and adolescent with high social competence, higher levels of family stressors were not associated with more somatic complaints. Thus, the results shows that the early identification of the stressful life events and the moderator factors of pain perception in children and adolescents with NORAP and a preventive and curative programs are important to evaluate this patients.

[Postoperative abdominal pain as a side effect of remifentanil-based anesthesia in cataract surgery]

Postoperative abdominal pain is one of the complications of anesthetics, especially narcotic drugs. We have noticed that the incidence of this complication is very high in patients anesthetized with Remifentanil and the aim of this study was to investigate its incidence. This clinical trial performed in 2007 at Khatam-al-Anbia Hospital of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. The study was approved by the local committee of medical ethics. A total of 100 Patients undergoing cataract surgery were divided randomly into two groups. In one group, anesthesia was maintained with Propofol [80-100 micro g/kg/min] and in another group with Remifentanil [0.20-0.25 micro g/kg/min]. The incidence of abdominal pain and its quality was recorded in both groups in the recovery room. Data analyzed by SPSS software. Twenty patients [40%] in the Remifentanil group complained of severe abdominal pain, while in the Propofol group, only 3 patients [6%] had vague abdominal pain. The incidence of pain had a significant difference between the two groups [p<0.001]. In 14 patients [70%] of the Remifentanil group with abdominal pain, injection of IV hyoscine was effective to reduce abdomined pain, while in the propofol group, it had no beneficial effect. Abdominal pain is one of the complications of narcotic drugs, with a very high incidence with Remifentanil. It causes patient's discomfort in the recovery room. It is recommended to investigate the causes and treatment modalities of this complication

Valoración del sedimento de orina en pacientes que consultan por dolor abdominal en urgencia / Value of urinalysis for the diagnosis of acute abdominal pain

Introducción: El sedimento de orina (SO) es un método útil para el diagnóstico de condiciones que se presentan con dolor abdominal. Sin embargo, frecuentemente no es utilizado adecuadamente. Los objetivos de este trabajo son: evaluar el impacto del SO en el diagnóstico diferencial del dolor abdominal, analizar la concordancia entre el diagnóstico y las alteraciones del SO y evaluar si el resultado del SO predijo un cambio de conducta en el manejo del paciente. Material y Método: Se analizó los SO de los pacientes que consultaron por dolor abdominal en nuestro servicio de urgencia durante 30 días consecutivos (Abril de 2005) y se evaluó la concordancia entre la hipótesis diagnóstica y diagnóstico definitivo sugerido por las características del SO mediante test de Kappa. Resultados: Consultaron 6.930 pacientes en el servicio de urgencia durante el periodo de estudio, 1.106 por dolor abdominal, solicitándose SO a 283 pacientes (25,6 por ciento). La distribución por sexo de pacientes a quienes se solicitó SO fue: 25,7 por ciento hombres,74,2 por ciento mujeres. Las hipótesis diagnósticas realizadas por el cirujano o médico del servicio de urgencia, al momento de solicitar el SO fueron, 10,9 por ciento apendicitis, 41,3 por ciento dolor abdominal inespecífico, 21,5 por ciento cólico renal, 24 por ciento ITU, 2,1 por ciento otras patologías quirúrgicas. Los patrones del SO fueron, 156/283 (55,1 por ciento) normal, 29/283 (10,2 por ciento) contaminación, 45/283 (15,9 por ciento) ITU y 42/283 (14,8 por ciento) hematuria. Al comparar la hipótesis diagnóstica con el diagnóstico de egreso (con el que el paciente fue enviado a su hogar) se encontró una buena concordancia (índice Kappa= 0,607). Sin embargo, al comparar la hipótesis diagnóstica con el diagnóstico definitivo (diagnóstico real dado por el SO y conducta definitiva como la quirúrgica, por ejemplo apendicitis) se encontró una concordancia marginal (índice Kappa= 0,265). Conclusiones: El SO, es un examen...

Diagnostic de douleurs abdominales chroniques en consultation de medecine

BUTS : -determiner la prevalence des douleurs abdominales chroniques; -determiner les caracteristiques de la douleur abdominale; -Identifier les organes atteints et les pathologies responsables. MATERIEL ET METHODES : Il s'agit d'une etude prospective transversale portant sur 118 patients ages de 15 a 87 ans; recus en 10 mois a la consultation externe de medecine generale et de gastro-enterologie du CHU de Cocody pour des douleurs abdominales chroniques. RESULTATS : *Les douleurs abdominales chroniques representaient 30;62pour cent des motifs de consultation. *L'age moyen etait de 38;65 ans avec un sex-ratio de 0;93. *Les douleurs abdominales etaient plutot medicales que chirurgicales (98;09 vs 1;9 1pour cent). *Les principaux sieges de la douleur etaient l'epigastre (38;98pour cent) et l'hypocondre droit (24;58pour cent). Les douleurs epigastriques etaient d'origine gastro-duodenale dans 46;66pour cent des cas et colique dans 36;67pour cent des cas. *Les caracteristiques de la douleur ont permis d'identifier une colique intestinale (50;83pour cent); un syndrome ulcereux typique (20pour cent) et atypique (17;5pour cent); une colique hepatique (8;33pour cent) et un pyrosis (3;33pour cent). *Les signes fonctionnels associes a la douleur etaient essentiellement la constipation (66;95pour cent) et le ballonnement abdominal (59;32pour cent). *Les antecedents les plus frequemment retrouves etaient la constipation (78;8 1pour cent) et les lavements periodiques (64;4 1pour cent). *L'examen physique a retrouve une douleur abdominale provoquee (60;17pour cent); une hepatomegalie (10;17pour cent); une splenomegalie (5;93pour cent); autre masse abdominale (4;24pour cent). *la clinique joue un role preponderant car elle a permis d'evoquer l'organe atteint dans 86pour cent et la pathologie dans 77;71pour cent des cas confirmee par la paraclinique et ou le traitement d'epreuve dans 77;05pour cent des cas. *L'exploration paraclinique etait dominee par la FOGD qui a revelee une lesion gastro-duodenale dans 86;84pour cent des cas. *Les causes sont essentiellement representees au niveau: -intestinal (50;96pour cent) par les TFD qui representent 43;3 1pour cent des causes de douleurs abdominales et 85pour cent des diagnostics intestinaux. -gastro-duodenal (28;66pour cent) par les gastro-duodenites qui representent 14;0 1pour cent des causes de douleurs abdominales et 48;89pour cent des diagnostics gastroduodenaux. -hepato-biliaire (10;19pour cent) par l'abces du foie qui represente 3;82pour cent des causes de douleurs abdominales et 37;5pour cent des diagnostics hepato-bihaires. -oesophagien (7;0 1pour cent) par le RGO qui represente 3;82pour cent des causes de douleurs abdominales et 54;55pour cent des diagnostics oesophagiens. CONCLUSION : Les douleurs abdominales constituent un syndrome heterogene de causes multiples mais dominees par les TFD. Seule une demarche semiologique rigoureuse permet de reduire le nombre des explorations paracliniques et d'etablir rapidement le diagnostic d'organe et de la pathologie en cause